The Canterbury plains are on the east side of the south island. If you look on a satellite photo you can see it is a series of alluvial fans from the mountain to the sea.
The combination of uplife of the southern alps and glacial activity created a huge amount of sediments but now the glacial activity is much reduced and there are lakes and dams on sone rivers so the land building phase has stopped.
This road has been eroded by the sea and the land is falling away at a rate of 1 meter per year. It doesn't erode at 1 meter it is more like 3 meters in one go then the sea chews the stones before taking another bite.
All along the Canterbury plains this is happening.
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